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    <li class="nav-header no-margin-top">
      <div class="ttip" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="The date that this version of Net-IDN-Encode was released.">
      <span class="relatize">06 Oct 2018 00:28:59 UTC</span>
    </li>
  <li>
    Distribution: <a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Net-IDN-Encode">Net-IDN-Encode</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    Module version: 2.500
  </li>
  <li>
    <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g s" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Net-IDN-Encode/source/lib/Net/IDN/Encode.pm">Source</a>
    (<a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Net-IDN-Encode/source/lib/Net/IDN/Encode.pm?raw=1">raw</a>)
  </li>
  <li>
    <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g b" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Net-IDN-Encode/source/lib/Net/IDN">Browse</a>
    (<a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Net-IDN-Encode/source/lib/Net/IDN?raw=1">raw</a>)
  </li>
    <li>
      <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g c" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Net-IDN-Encode/changes">Changes</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" class="nopopup" href="https://metacpan.org/release/Net-IDN-Encode">Homepage</a>
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    <li>
      <a class="nopopup" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Net-IDN-Encode/contribute">How to Contribute</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a rel="noopener nofollow" data-keyboard-shortcut="g r" href="https://github.com/cfaerber/Net-IDN-Encode">Repository</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" data-keyboard-shortcut="g i" href="https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Net-IDN-Encode">Issues</a>
      (6)
    </li>
    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://matrix.cpantesters.org/?dist=Net-IDN-Encode+2.500" title="Matrix">Testers</a>
        <span title="(pass / fail / na)">(<a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/N/Net-IDN-Encode.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=2.500&amp;grade=2" style="color: #090">6034</a> / <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/N/Net-IDN-Encode.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=2.500&amp;grade=3" style="color: #900">19</a> / <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/N/Net-IDN-Encode.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=2.500&amp;grade=4">25</a>)</span>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://cpants.cpanauthors.org/release/CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.500">Kwalitee</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <div class="ttip" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="The # people with an indexing permission on Net-IDN-Encode who have released something to CPAN in the last 2 years (i.e. the # people likely able to release critical fixes in a timely manner)">
      Bus factor: 0
      </div>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://cpancover.com/latest/Net-IDN-Encode-2.500/index.html">91.86% Coverage </a>
    </li>
    <li>
      License: perl_5
    </li>
    <li>
      Perl: v5.8.5
    </li>
    <li class="nav-header">Activity</li>
    <li>
<div class="activity-graph">
    <img src="https://metacpan.org/dist/Net-IDN-Encode/activity.svg?res=month" />
    <div class="comment">24 month</div>
</div>
    </li>
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    <li>
      <a itemprop="downloadUrl" href="https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/C/CF/CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.500.tar.gz">
      Download (<span itemprop="fileSize">632.92KB</span>)</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://explorer.metacpan.org/?url=%2Fmodule%2FCFAERBER%2FNet-IDN-Encode-2.500%2Flib%2FNet%2FIDN%2FEncode.pm">
        MetaCPAN Explorer
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        Subscribe to distribution
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        <input type="hidden" name="qd" value="Net-IDN-Encode">
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    <li class="version-jump">
<select onchange="document.location.href=&#39;/release/&#39;+this.value+&#39;/view/lib/Net/IDN/Encode.pm&#39;" class="form-control tool-bar-form">
  <option disabled selected>Jump to version</option>
<option
  
  value="ETHER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.501-TRIAL"
>2.501-TRIAL DEV
  (ETHER on 2024-01-12)</option>
<option
  disabled
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.500"
>2.500
  (CFAERBER on 2018-10-06)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.499_20180929"
>2.499_20180929 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-29)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.499_20180924"
>2.499_20180924 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.499_20180921"
>2.499_20180921 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.401"
>2.401
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.400_20180909"
>2.400_20180909 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-09)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.400"
>2.400
  (CFAERBER on 2017-01-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.399_20161227"
>2.399_20161227 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.303"
>2.303
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.399_20161210"
>2.399_20161210 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.202"
>2.202
  (CFAERBER on 2015-04-18)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.100"
>2.100
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-30)</option>
<optgroup label="BackPAN">'
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.302"
>2.302
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-07)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.301"
>2.301
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.300"
>2.300
  (CFAERBER on 2015-07-17)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.201_20150330"
>2.201_20150330 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2015-03-30)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.201_20141004"
>2.201_20141004 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2014-10-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.201"
>2.201
  (CFAERBER on 2014-08-30)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.200_20140628"
>2.200_20140628 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2014-06-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.200"
>2.200
  (CFAERBER on 2014-06-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.199_20140618"
>2.199_20140618 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2014-06-18)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.099_20131228"
>2.099_20131228 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.099_20131227"
>2.099_20131227 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.099_20131226"
>2.099_20131226 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.099_20131225"
>2.099_20131225 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.005"
>2.005
  (CFAERBER on 2013-11-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.004_20131103"
>2.004_20131103 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-11-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.004_20131101"
>2.004_20131101 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-11-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.004"
>2.004
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-12)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013881000"
>2.003_2013881000 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013880800"
>2.003_2013880800 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013880700"
>2.003_2013880700 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-07)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013122701"
>2.003_2013122701 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013122700"
>2.003_2013122700 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-07-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003"
>2.003
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-22)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.002"
>2.002
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-17)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.001"
>2.001
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-12)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.000_20120110"
>2.000_20120110 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.000"
>2.000
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.999_20120108"
>1.999_20120108 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.999_20120107"
>1.999_20120107 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-07)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.999_20111228"
>1.999_20111228 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111224"
>1.900_20111224 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111221"
>1.900_20111221 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111220"
>1.900_20111220 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111219"
>1.900_20111219 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.102"
>1.102
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111212"
>1.900_20111212 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-18)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.101"
>1.101
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.100"
>1.100
  (CFAERBER on 2010-08-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.000"
>1.000
  (CFAERBER on 2010-01-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.999_20090112"
>0.999_20090112 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2010-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.999_20100110"
>0.999_20100110 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2010-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20091231"
>0.99_20091231 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2009-12-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20091216"
>0.99_20091216 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2009-12-16)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20080919"
>0.99_20080919 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2008-09-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20080914"
>0.99_20080914 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2008-09-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20080913"
>0.99_20080913 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2008-09-13)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.02"
>0.02
  (CFAERBER on 2004-06-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.01"
>0.01
  (CFAERBER on 2004-05-30)</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
    </li>
    <li class="version-diff">
<select onchange="document.location.href='/release/CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.500/diff/' + encodeURIComponent(this.value) + '/lib/Net/IDN/Encode.pm'
" class="form-control tool-bar-form">
  <option disabled selected>Diff with version</option>
<option
  
  value="ETHER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.501-TRIAL"
>2.501-TRIAL DEV
  (ETHER on 2024-01-12)</option>
<option
  disabled
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.500"
>2.500
  (CFAERBER on 2018-10-06)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.499_20180929"
>2.499_20180929 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-29)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.499_20180924"
>2.499_20180924 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.499_20180921"
>2.499_20180921 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.401"
>2.401
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.400_20180909"
>2.400_20180909 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-09)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.400"
>2.400
  (CFAERBER on 2017-01-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.399_20161227"
>2.399_20161227 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.303"
>2.303
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.399_20161210"
>2.399_20161210 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.202"
>2.202
  (CFAERBER on 2015-04-18)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.100"
>2.100
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-30)</option>
<optgroup label="BackPAN">'
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.302"
>2.302
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-07)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.301"
>2.301
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.300"
>2.300
  (CFAERBER on 2015-07-17)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.201_20150330"
>2.201_20150330 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2015-03-30)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.201_20141004"
>2.201_20141004 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2014-10-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.201"
>2.201
  (CFAERBER on 2014-08-30)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.200_20140628"
>2.200_20140628 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2014-06-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.200"
>2.200
  (CFAERBER on 2014-06-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.199_20140618"
>2.199_20140618 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2014-06-18)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.099_20131228"
>2.099_20131228 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.099_20131227"
>2.099_20131227 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.099_20131226"
>2.099_20131226 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.099_20131225"
>2.099_20131225 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.005"
>2.005
  (CFAERBER on 2013-11-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.004_20131103"
>2.004_20131103 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-11-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.004_20131101"
>2.004_20131101 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-11-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.004"
>2.004
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-12)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013881000"
>2.003_2013881000 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013880800"
>2.003_2013880800 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013880700"
>2.003_2013880700 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-07)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013122701"
>2.003_2013122701 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013122700"
>2.003_2013122700 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-07-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003"
>2.003
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-22)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.002"
>2.002
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-17)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.001"
>2.001
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-12)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.000_20120110"
>2.000_20120110 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.000"
>2.000
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.999_20120108"
>1.999_20120108 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.999_20120107"
>1.999_20120107 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-07)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.999_20111228"
>1.999_20111228 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111224"
>1.900_20111224 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111221"
>1.900_20111221 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111220"
>1.900_20111220 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111219"
>1.900_20111219 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.102"
>1.102
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111212"
>1.900_20111212 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-18)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.101"
>1.101
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.100"
>1.100
  (CFAERBER on 2010-08-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.000"
>1.000
  (CFAERBER on 2010-01-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.999_20090112"
>0.999_20090112 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2010-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.999_20100110"
>0.999_20100110 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2010-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20091231"
>0.99_20091231 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2009-12-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20091216"
>0.99_20091216 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2009-12-16)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20080919"
>0.99_20080919 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2008-09-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20080914"
>0.99_20080914 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2008-09-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20080913"
>0.99_20080913 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2008-09-13)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.02"
>0.02
  (CFAERBER on 2004-06-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.01"
>0.01
  (CFAERBER on 2004-05-30)</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
    </li>

    <li>
<ul class="dependencies">
  <li class="nav-header">Dependencies</li>
  <li><a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/Unicode::Normalize" title="Unicode::Normalize" class="ellipsis">Unicode::Normalize</a></li>
  <li><i class="ttip" title="dynamic_config enabled">and possibly others</i></li>
  <li>
    <hr>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Net::IDN::Encode/requires">Reverse dependencies</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="http://deps.cpantesters.org/?module=Net%3A%3AIDN%3A%3AEncode">CPAN Testers List</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://cpandeps.grinnz.com/?dist=Net-IDN-Encode">Dependency graph</a>
  </li>
</ul>
    </li>
    <li class="nav-header">Permalinks</li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://metacpan.org/release/CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.500/view/lib/Net/IDN/Encode.pm">This version</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a href="./Net::IDN::Encode.html">Latest version</a>
    </li>
    <li>
<div class="plussers">
<div class="nav-header">++ed by:</div>
<div>
<a class="display-all" href="https://metacpan.org/author/ETHER"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/bdc5cd06679e732e262f6c1b450a0237?d=identicon&amp;s=20" title="ETHER" alt="ETHER"></a>
<a class="display-all" href="https://metacpan.org/author/FANY"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/7bc0edaceda1cb0a5b56b844a5b406c2?d=identicon&amp;s=20" title="FANY" alt="FANY"></a>
<a class="display-all" href="https://metacpan.org/author/PHIPSTER"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/06bb32ae5d904656d37036e271849751?d=identicon&amp;s=20" title="PHIPSTER" alt="PHIPSTER"></a>
<a class="display-all" href="https://metacpan.org/author/AZJADFTRE"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/104622f129da1a6299bef66eb98c6e0e?d=identicon&amp;s=20" title="AZJADFTRE" alt="AZJADFTRE"></a>
</div>
<!-- Display counts of plussers-->
<div>
    <a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Net-IDN-Encode/plussers">4 PAUSE users</a>
</div>
<div>
    3 non-PAUSE users
</div>
</div>
    </li>
    <li>
    </li>
              </ul>
            </div>
          </nav>
          <div class="content-navigation">
<div class="breadcrumbs">
  <span>
    <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g a" rel="author" href="https://metacpan.org/author/CFAERBER" class="author-name">Claus Färber</a>
  </span>
  <span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;</span>
  <div class="release dist-release status-latest maturity-released">
    <span class="dropdown"><b class="caret"></b></span>
<select onchange="document.location.href=&#39;/release/&#39;+this.value+&#39;/view/lib/Net/IDN/Encode.pm&#39;" class="">
<option
  
  value="ETHER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.501-TRIAL"
>2.501-TRIAL DEV
  (ETHER on 2024-01-12)</option>
<option
  selected
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.500"
>2.500
  (CFAERBER on 2018-10-06)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.499_20180929"
>2.499_20180929 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-29)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.499_20180924"
>2.499_20180924 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.499_20180921"
>2.499_20180921 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.401"
>2.401
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.400_20180909"
>2.400_20180909 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2018-09-09)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.400"
>2.400
  (CFAERBER on 2017-01-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.399_20161227"
>2.399_20161227 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.303"
>2.303
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.399_20161210"
>2.399_20161210 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.202"
>2.202
  (CFAERBER on 2015-04-18)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.100"
>2.100
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-30)</option>
<optgroup label="BackPAN">'
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.302"
>2.302
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-07)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.301"
>2.301
  (CFAERBER on 2016-12-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.300"
>2.300
  (CFAERBER on 2015-07-17)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.201_20150330"
>2.201_20150330 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2015-03-30)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.201_20141004"
>2.201_20141004 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2014-10-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.201"
>2.201
  (CFAERBER on 2014-08-30)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.200_20140628"
>2.200_20140628 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2014-06-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.200"
>2.200
  (CFAERBER on 2014-06-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.199_20140618"
>2.199_20140618 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2014-06-18)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.099_20131228"
>2.099_20131228 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.099_20131227"
>2.099_20131227 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.099_20131226"
>2.099_20131226 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.099_20131225"
>2.099_20131225 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-12-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.005"
>2.005
  (CFAERBER on 2013-11-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.004_20131103"
>2.004_20131103 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-11-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.004_20131101"
>2.004_20131101 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-11-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.004"
>2.004
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-12)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013881000"
>2.003_2013881000 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013880800"
>2.003_2013880800 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013880700"
>2.003_2013880700 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-07)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013122701"
>2.003_2013122701 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-08-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003_2013122700"
>2.003_2013122700 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2013-07-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.003"
>2.003
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-22)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.002"
>2.002
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-17)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.001"
>2.001
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-12)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.000_20120110"
>2.000_20120110 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.000"
>2.000
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.999_20120108"
>1.999_20120108 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.999_20120107"
>1.999_20120107 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2012-01-07)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.999_20111228"
>1.999_20111228 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111224"
>1.900_20111224 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111221"
>1.900_20111221 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111220"
>1.900_20111220 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111219"
>1.900_20111219 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.102"
>1.102
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.900_20111212"
>1.900_20111212 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-18)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.101"
>1.101
  (CFAERBER on 2011-12-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.100"
>1.100
  (CFAERBER on 2010-08-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-1.000"
>1.000
  (CFAERBER on 2010-01-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.999_20090112"
>0.999_20090112 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2010-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.999_20100110"
>0.999_20100110 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2010-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20091231"
>0.99_20091231 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2009-12-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20091216"
>0.99_20091216 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2009-12-16)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20080919"
>0.99_20080919 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2008-09-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20080914"
>0.99_20080914 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2008-09-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.99_20080913"
>0.99_20080913 DEV
  (CFAERBER on 2008-09-13)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.02"
>0.02
  (CFAERBER on 2004-06-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-0.01"
>0.01
  (CFAERBER on 2004-05-30)</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
    <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g d" class="release-name" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Net-IDN-Encode">Net-IDN-Encode-2.500</a>
  </div>
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          • 13 direct dependents &#10;          • 35 total dependents
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   / <span>Net::IDN::Encode</span>
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  <div class="toc-header"><strong>Contents</strong></div>
<ul>
  <li><a href="./Net::IDN::Encode.html#NAME">NAME</a></li>
  <li><a href="./Net::IDN::Encode.html#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
  <li><a href="./Net::IDN::Encode.html#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
  <li><a href="./Net::IDN::Encode.html#UNICODE-VERSION">UNICODE VERSION</a></li>
  <li><a href="./Net::IDN::Encode.html#FUNCTIONS">FUNCTIONS</a></li>
  <li><a href="./Net::IDN::Encode.html#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a></li>
  <li><a href="./Net::IDN::Encode.html#LICENSE">LICENSE</a></li>
  <li><a href="./Net::IDN::Encode.html#SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
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<div class="pod anchors">
<h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1>

<p>Net::IDN::Encode - Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)</p>

<h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1>

<pre><code>  use Net::IDN::Encode &#39;:all&#39;;
  my $a = domain_to_ascii(&quot;m&uuml;ller.example.org&quot;);
  my $e = email_to_ascii(&quot;POSTMASTER@&#x4F8B;&#x3002;&#x30C6;&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&quot;);
  my $u = domain_to_unicode(&#39;EXAMPLE.XN--11B5BS3A9AJ6G&#39;);</code></pre>

<h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1>

<p>This module provides an easy-to-use interface for encoding and decoding Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs).</p>

<p>IDNs use characters drawn from a large repertoire (Unicode), but IDNA allows the non-ASCII characters to be represented using only the ASCII characters already allowed in so-called host names today (letter-digit-hyphen, <code>/[A-Z0-9-]/i</code>).</p>

<p>Use this module if you just want to convert domain names (or email addresses), using whatever IDNA standard is the best choice at the moment.</p>

<p>You should be familiar with Unicode support in perl, as this module expects correctly encoded input. See <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/perlunitut">perlunitut</a>, <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/perluniintro">perluniintro</a> and <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/perlunicode">perlunicode</a> for details.</p>

<h1 id="UNICODE-VERSION"><a id="UNICODE"></a>UNICODE VERSION</h1>

<p>To convert labels correctly between Unicode and ASCII, each character in the label must be present in the Unicode version supported by your perl. Consequently, this module will refuse to convert labels with new Unicode characters on older perl versions (see below).</p>

<h1 id="FUNCTIONS">FUNCTIONS</h1>

<p>By default, this module does not export any subroutines. You may use the <code>:all</code> tag to import everything. You can also use regular expressions such as <code>/^to_/</code> or <code>/^email_/</code> to select some of the functions, see <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter">Exporter</a> for details.</p>

<p>The following functions are available:</p>

<dl>

<dt id="to_ascii(-$label,-%param-)"><a id="to_ascii"></a><a id="to_ascii---label---param"></a>to_ascii( $label, %param )</dt>
<dd>

<p>Converts a single label <code>$label</code> to ASCII. Will throw an exception on invalid input. If <code>$label</code> is already a valid ASCII domain label (including most NON-LDH labels such as those used for SRV records and fake A-labels), this function will never fail but return <code>$label</code> as-is if conversion would fail.</p>

<p>This function takes the following optional parameters (<code>%param</code>):</p>

<dl>

<dt id="AllowUnassigned">AllowUnassigned</dt>
<dd>

<p>(boolean) If set to a true value, code points that are unassigned in the Unicode version supported by your perl are allowed. This is an extension over UTS #46.</p>

<p>While this increases the number of labels that can be converted successfully (especially on older perls) and may thus maximizes the compatibility with domain names created under future versions of Unicode, it also introduces the risk of incorrect conversions. Characters added in later versions of Unicode might have properties that affect the conversion; if these properties are not known on your version of perl, you might therefore end up with an incorrect conversion.</p>

<p>The default is false.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="UseSTD3ASCIIRules">UseSTD3ASCIIRules</dt>
<dd>

<p>(boolean) If set to a true value, checks the label for compliance with <span style="white-space: nowrap;">STD 3</span> (<span style="white-space: nowrap;">RFC 1123</span>) syntax for host name parts. The exact checks done depend on the IDNA standard used. Usually, you will want to set this to true.</p>

<p>Please note that UseSTD3ASCIIRules only affects the conversion between ASCII labels (A-labels) and Unicode labels (U-labels). Labels that are in ASCII may still be passed-through as-is.</p>

<p>For historical reasons, the default is false (unlike <code>domain_to_ascii</code>).</p>

</dd>
<dt id="TransitionalProcessing">TransitionalProcessing</dt>
<dd>

<p>(boolean) If set to true, the conversion will be compatible with IDNA2003. This only affects four characters: <code>&#39;&szlig;&#39;</code> (U+00DF), &#39;&sigmaf;&#39; (U+03C2), ZWJ (U+200D) and ZWNJ (U+200C). Usually, you will want to set this to false.</p>

<p>The default is false.</p>

</dd>
</dl>

<p>This function does not handle strings that consist of multiple labels (such as domain names). Use <code>domain_to_ascii</code> instead.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="to_unicode(-$label,-%param-)"><a id="to_unicode"></a><a id="to_unicode---label---param"></a>to_unicode( $label, %param )</dt>
<dd>

<p>Converts a single label <code>$label</code> to Unicode. Will throw an exception on invalid input. If <code>$label</code> is an ASCII label (including most NON-LDH labels such as those used for SRV records), this function will not fail but return <code>$label</code> as-is if conversion would fail.</p>

<p>This function takes the same optional parameters as <code>to_ascii</code>, with the same defaults.</p>

<p>If <code>$label</code> is already in ASCII, this function will never fail but return <code>$label</code> as is as a last resort (i.e. pass-through).</p>

<p>This function takes the following optional parameters (<code>%param</code>):</p>

<dl>

<dt id="AllowUnassigned1">AllowUnassigned</dt>
<dd>

</dd>
<dt id="UseSTD3ASCIIRules1">UseSTD3ASCIIRules</dt>
<dd>

<p>See <code>to_unicode</code> above. Please note that there is no need for <code>TransitionalProcessing</code> for <code>to_unicode</code>.</p>

</dd>
</dl>

<p>This function does not handle strings that consist of multiple labels (such as domain names). Use <code>domain_to_unicode</code> instead.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="domain_to_ascii(-$label,-%param-)"><a id="domain_to_ascii"></a><a id="domain_to_ascii---label---param"></a>domain_to_ascii( $label, %param )</dt>
<dd>

<p>Converts all labels of the hostname <code>$domain</code> (with labels separated by dots) to ASCII (using <code>to_ascii</code>). Will throw an exception on invalid input.</p>

<p>This function takes the following optional parameters (<code>%param</code>):</p>

<dl>

<dt id="AllowUnassigned2">AllowUnassigned</dt>
<dd>

</dd>
<dt id="TransitionalProcessing1">TransitionalProcessing</dt>
<dd>

<p>See <code>to_unicode</code> above.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="UseSTD3ASCIIRules2">UseSTD3ASCIIRules</dt>
<dd>

<p>(boolean) If set to a true value, checks the label for compliance with <span style="white-space: nowrap;">STD 3</span> (<span style="white-space: nowrap;">RFC 1123</span>) syntax for host name parts.</p>

<p>The default is true (unlike <code>to_ascii</code>).</p>

</dd>
</dl>

<p>This function will convert all dots to ASCII, i.e. to U+002E (full stop). The following characters are recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61 (halfwidth ideographic full stop).</p>

</dd>
<dt id="domain_to_unicode(-$domain,-%param-)"><a id="domain_to_unicode"></a><a id="domain_to_unicode---domain---param"></a>domain_to_unicode( $domain, %param )</dt>
<dd>

<p>Converts all labels of the hostname <code>$domain</code> (with labels separated by dots) to Unicode. Will throw an exception on invalid input.</p>

<p>This function takes the same optional parameters as <code>domain_to_ascii</code>, with the same defaults.</p>

<p>This function takes the following optional parameters (<code>%param</code>):</p>

<dl>

<dt id="AllowUnassigned3">AllowUnassigned</dt>
<dd>

</dd>
<dt id="UseSTD3ASCIIRules3">UseSTD3ASCIIRules</dt>
<dd>

<p>See <code>domain_to_unicode</code> above. Please note that there is no <code>TransitionalProcessing</code> for <code>domain_to_unicode</code>.</p>

</dd>
</dl>

<p>This function will preserve the original version of dots. The following characters are recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61 (halfwidth ideographic full stop).</p>

</dd>
<dt id="email_to_ascii(-$email,-%param-)"><a id="email_to_ascii"></a><a id="email_to_ascii---email---param"></a>email_to_ascii( $email, %param )</dt>
<dd>

<p>Converts the domain part (right hand side, separated by an at sign) of an <span style="white-space: nowrap;">RFC 2821</span>/2822 email address to ASCII, using <code>domain_to_ascii</code>. May throw an exception on invalid input.</p>

<p>It takes the same parameters as <code>domain_to_ascii</code>.</p>

<p>This function currently does not handle internationalization of the local-part (left hand side). Future versions of this module might implement an ASCII conversion for the local-part, should one be standardized.</p>

<p>This function will convert the at sign to ASCII, i.e. to U+0040 (commercial at), as well as label separators. The following characters are recognized as at signs: U+0040 (commercial at), U+FE6B (small commercial at) and U+FF20 (fullwidth commercial at).</p>

</dd>
<dt id="email_to_unicode(-$email,-%param-)"><a id="email_to_unicode"></a><a id="email_to_unicode---email---param"></a>email_to_unicode( $email, %param )</dt>
<dd>

<p>Converts the domain part (right hand side, separated by an at sign) of an <span style="white-space: nowrap;">RFC 2821</span>/2822 email address to Unicode, using <code>domain_to_unicode</code>. May throw an exception on invalid input.</p>

<p>It takes the same parameters as <code>domain_to_unicode</code>.</p>

<p>This function currently does not handle internationalization of the local-part (left hand side). Future versions of this module might implement a conversion from ASCII for the local-part, should one be standardized.</p>

<p>This function will preserve the original version of at signs (and label separators). The following characters are recognized as at signs: U+0040 (commercial at), U+FE6B (small commercial at) and U+FF20 (fullwidth commercial at).</p>

</dd>
</dl>

<h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1>

<p>Claus F&auml;rber &lt;CFAERBER@cpan.org&gt;</p>

<h1 id="LICENSE">LICENSE</h1>

<p>Copyright 2007-2014 Claus F&auml;rber.</p>

<p>This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.</p>

<h1 id="SEE-ALSO"><a id="SEE"></a>SEE ALSO</h1>

<p><a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/Net::IDN::Punycode">Net::IDN::Punycode</a>, <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/Net::IDN::UTS46">Net::IDN::UTS46</a>, <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/Net::IDN::IDNA2003">Net::IDN::IDNA2003</a>, <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/Net::IDN::IDNA2008">Net::IDN::IDNA2008</a>, <span style="white-space: nowrap;">UTS #46</span> (<a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr46/">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr46/</a>), <span style="white-space: nowrap;">RFC 5890</span> (<a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5890">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5890</a>).</p></div>

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